Anthony Caro has played a pivotal role in the development of twentieth century sculpture. After studying sculpture at the Royal Academy Schools in London, he worked as assistant to Henry Moore. He came to public attention with a show at the Whitechapel Gallery in 1963, where he exhibited large abstract sculptures brightly painted and standing directly on the ground so that they engage the spectator on a one-to-one basis. This was a radical departure from the way sculpture had hitherto been seen and paved the way for future developments in three-dimensional art.

Caro’s teaching at St Martin's School of Art in London (1953-1981) was very influential. His questioning approach opened up new possibilities, both formally and with regard to subject matter. His innovative work as well as his teaching led to a flowering and a new confidence in sculpture worldwide.

Caro often works in steel, but also in a diverse range of other materials, including bronze, silver, lead, stoneware, wood and paper. Major exhibitions include retrospectives at the Museum of Modern Art, New York (1975), the Trajan Markets, Rome (1992), the Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo (1995), Tate Britain, London (2005), and three museums in Pas-de-Calais, France (2008), to accompany the opening of his Chapel of Light at Bourbourg. He has been awarded many prizes, including the Praemium Imperiale for Sculpture in Tokyo in 1992 and the Lifetime Achievement Award for Sculpture in 1997. He holds many honorary degrees from universities in the UK, USA and Europe. He was knighted in 1987 and received the Order of Merit in May 2000.

1924 - Born 8 March, New Malden, Surrey, son of Alfred and Mary Caro, both families from Norwich, father a stockbroker.

1937 - 42 - Attends Charterhouse School, Godalming, Surrey.

1942-44 - Studies engineering at Christ's College, Cambridge 
During vacations attends Farnham School of Art and works in studio of sculptor Charles Wheeler RA.

1944-46 - Serves in Fleet Air Arm of Royal Navy.

1946-47 - Attends Regent Street Polytechnic, studies sculpture with Geoffrey Deeley.

1947-52 - Receives strict academic training at Royal Academy Schools, London, taught by different sculptor Royal Academicians (MacWilliam, Hardiman, Charoux and Maurice Lambert)
Studies and copies Greek, Etruscan, Romanesque and Gothic sculpture.

1948 - Awarded two silver medals (clay figure modelling, carving) and one bronze medal (composition) from Royal Academy Schools.

1949 - Marries the painter Sheila Girling (two sons Timothy 1951, Paul 1958).

1951-53 - Moves to Much Hadham, Hertfordshire with wife and family to work as part-time assistant to Henry Moore Continues to draw from the model at Royal Academy Schools.

1953-81 - Teaches two days weekly at St Martin's School of Art, London; students include David Annesley, Michael Bolus, Richard Deacon, David Evison, Barry Flanagan, Hamish Fulton, Gilbert & George, Brower Hatcher, Peter Hide, Phillip King, Richard Long, Tim Scott, William Tucker and Isaac Witkin. Joins Frank Martin, Head of Sculpture Department, in reorganising the department and developing the curriculum.  Integrates sculpture and drawing into a single class with a view to understanding rather than copying the subject.

1954 - Family moves to Hampstead. Makes figurative sculpture in clay and plaster, sometimes cast in bronze, such as Man Holding His Foot (1954). During summer vacations at Porlock, Somerset, makes moulds of rocks and cliff outcroppings, which are incorporated along with pebbles and stones into figurative sculptures.

1955 - Two figurative sculptures included in group exhibition 'New Painters and Painter-Sculptors', Institute of Contemporary Art, London.

1956 - First one-man exhibition at Galleria del Naviglio, Milan; twenty sculptures shown, expressionist figures and heads modelled in clay or plaster, including Woman Waking Up (1955).

1957 - First one-man exhibition in London: Gimpel Fils Gallery.

1958 - Man Taking Off His Shirt (1955/56) exhibited at the Venice Biennale.

1959 - First Paris Biennale for young artists; sculptures exhibited include Woman with Flowers (1958) and Woman On Her Back (1951). Awarded prize for sculpture, which enables him to visit Carnac, Brittany where he studies the primitive menhirs and dolmens. Tate Gallery purchases Woman Waking Up (1955). Meets Clement Greenberg in London; subsequent conversations and studio visits over many years are a great influence on his approach and his attitude to art. Visits USA for the first time on Ford Foundation English Speaking Union grant; meets sculptor David Smith and painter Kenneth Noland, as well as Robert Motherwell, Helen Frankenthaler, Richard Diebenkorn, Ed Keinholz and other New York and West Coast painters.

1960 - In London makes first abstract sculptures in steel, starting with Twenty Four Hours (1961), now in the Tate Gallery collection. Radical change in his ideas forces him to rethink his teaching methods. Frank Martin sets up a welding shop at St Martin's; experimental atmosphere in school and working relationship with students provide forum for stimulating exchanges.

1961 - Makes first polychrome sculpture, Sculpture Seven (1961). Exhibits the only sculpture, The Horse (1961), in 'New London Situation', an exhibition of 'situation paintings' selected by Lawrence Alloway and held at Marlborough New London Gallery.

1963 - Large one-man exhibition of fifteen abstract steel sculptures at Whitechapel Art Gallery, London, organised by its director, Bryan Robertson. Sculptures exhibited include Twenty Four Hours (1961), Midday (1960), Sculpture Seven (1961), Early One Morning (1962), Month of May (1963) and Pompadour (1963). Included in group show at Kasmin Limited, London. Kasmin continues to show Caro's work regularly: solo exhibitions 1965, 1967, 1971, 1972 and (under the name of Knoedler Gallery) 1978, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1986, 1989, 1991.

1963-65 - Teaches at Bennington College, Bennington, Vermont: other members of faculty include painters Jules Olitski, Paul Feeley and Peter Stroud. Renews contact with Noland and Smith who live nearby Noland suggests Caro works in series, which he has done many times since. Large garage belonging to the Bennington College Fire Department made available for Caro's use as a temporary studio and he produces a number of works, including Titan (1964) and Bennington (1964). 

1964 - First one-man exhibition in New York at Andrè Emmerich Gallery; five sculptures shown include Prospect (1964). Emmerich continues to exhibit Caro's work regularly: solo exhibitions in New York 1968, 1970, 1972, 1973, 1974, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1982 (twice), 1984, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1994 and at Galerie Andrè Emmerich, Zürich, in 1974,1978, 1985. Exhibits Month of May (1963) and Hopscotch (1962) at Documenta III, Kassel, Germany. 

1965 - Exhibits Early One Morning (1962) in group show entitled 'British Sculpture in the Sixties' at the Tate Gallery, London, organised by the Contemporary Art Society; CAS presents Early One Morning to the Tate Gallery collection. Exhibition at Washington Gallery of Modern Art, Washington DC, includes Twenty Four Hours (1960), Sculpture Seven (1961) and Prospect  (1964). For the next two decades visits USA 3-4 times a year, usually working there for about a month each time.

1966 - Exhibits at Venice Biennale in the British Pavilion with painters Richard Smith, Harold Cohen, Bernard Cohen and Robyn Denny in exhibition entitled 'Five Young British Artists'. Exhibits in 'Primary Structures: Younger American and British Sculptors' at the Jewish Museum, New York, organised by Kynaston McShine. Following conversation with Michael Fried begins to make small sculptures, using handles and coming over the edge of the table; calls these Table Pieces. In larger works such as Red Splash (1966) and The Window (1966/67) incorporates grills and mesh screens.

1967 - Retrospective exhibition at Rijksmuseum Kröller-Müller, Otterlo, Holland; Acquires stock of raw materials from estate of the late David Smith; Exhibits Prairie (1967) and Deep Body Blue (1967) at Kasmin Ltd, London.

1968 - Development of table sculptures; incorporates steel table-height surfaces into large scale sculptures including Trefoil (1968); Exhibits Titan (1964) in 'Noland, Louis and Caro', Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York.

1969 - Retrospective exhibition at Hayward Gallery, London, consisting of fifty works made 1954-1968, organised by Joanna Drew, with a catalogue essay by Michael Fried; Exhibits, with John Hoyland, in British Section of Tenth Sào Paulo Biennale; Moves studio to former piano factory in Camden Town, London; Patrick Cunningham becomes Caro's studio assistant in London; Purchases parts of agricultural machinery, including plough shares and propeller blades, which are used in sculptures incorporating different levels, including Orangerie (1969) and Sun Feast (1969).

1970 - Works each year for short periods at Kenneth Noland's studio at Shaftsbury, Vermont, assisted by James Wolfe and later Willard Boepple; Makes unpainted steel sculptures where the rusted steel is varnished or waxed, such as The Bull (1970); Exhibits Pink Stack (1969) in the exhibition 'Contemporary British Art' at the National Museum of Modern Art, Tokyo; Exhibits Orangerie and Sun Feast at André Emmerich Gallery, New York; Sun Feast bought by Lewis Cabot, who becomes an important collector of Caro works.

1971 - Invited to judge Perth Prize at 1971 Drawing International at Western Australia Art Gallery, Perth; Travels around the world with his family visiting Mexico, New Zealand, Australia and India, lecturing at art schools and universities.

1972 - Makes series of seven rusted steel sculptures, the Straight series, based on the H-beam; Works at Ripamonte factory in Veduggio, Brianza, with James Wolfe as assistant; makes fourteen sculptures using soft edge roll end steel

1973 - Obtains soft edge roll end steel from Consett, County Durham, England; makes Durham Purse and Durham Steel Flat (1973/74); Museum of Modern Art, New York, acquires Midday (1960)

1974 - Works at York Steel Company factory in Toronto; makes large sculptures using heavy steel handling equipment such as mobile cranes, assisted by sculptors James Wolfe, Willard Boepple and Andrè Fauteux. Returning many times over the next two years completes 37 sculptures, later known as the Flats series, including Lake Ontario Flats (1974), Pin Up Flat (1974), Scorched Flats (1974) and Surprise Flats (1974).

1975 - Retrospective exhibition at Museum of Modern Art, New York (which later travels to Walker Art Center, Minneapolis, Museum of Fine Art, Houston and Museum of Fine Art, Boston); Works in ceramic clay at workshop organised by Margie Hughto at Syracuse University, New York.

1976 - Presented with key to the City of New York by Mayor Abraham Beame.

1977 - Retrospective exhibition of table sculptures organised by The British Council tours to Israel, Australia, New Zealand and Germany; Artist in residence at Emma Lake summer workshop, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, using tubular steel in a linear mode. Sculptures made there, later known as the Emma series, include Emma Dipper (1977, now in the Tate Gallery collection) and Emma Dance (1977/78).

1978 - Makes first 'writing pieces': small calligraphic sculptures in steel, often including tools or other utensils; Experience of working with clay leads to the use of clay parts cast in bronze welded directly to plate bronze and brass; Executes commission for architect I M Pei's new East Wing building of the National Gallery, Washington, DC

1979 - Makes a series of bronze screens; Invited by Rodger Mack to work in bronze at Can Company factory, converted into sculpture department of Syracuse University; makes Can Co series and Water Street series; Begins series of lead and wood sculptures.

1981 - Makes series of sculptures in handmade paper, mostly wall reliefs, with Ken Tyler at Tyler Graphics, New York; Exhibits 12 large steel sculptures at Städtische Galerie, Frankfurt, later travelling to Saarland Museum, Saarbrücken, Germany.

1982 - Delivers William Townsend Memorial Lecture on sculpture at University College, London; Together with Robert Loder organises the first Triangle Workshop for thirty sculptors and painters from USA, England and Canada at Pine Plains, New York; over the years artists from many countries attend. Participates annually thereafter until 1991, when leadership is handed over to Willard Boepple, Jon Isherwood and Karen Wilkin; Paints in acrylic at Helen Frankenthaler's studio in New York

1984 - 60^th Birthday solo exhibition at Serpentine Gallery, London, organised by The Arts Council; later tours to Whitworth Art Gallery, University of Manchester, Leeds City Art Gallery, Ordrupgaardsamlingen, Copenhagen, Kunstmuseum, Düsseldorf and Fundacio Joan Mirò, Barcelona; Completes first sculpture with an architectural dimension where the spectator is invited to enter the work and experience its inner space: Child's Tower Room (1983/84) in Japanese oak; shown in the Arts Council touring exhibition 'Four Rooms', which opens at Liberty's, London.

1985 - Builds a barn at Ancram, New York state, to be used as US studio; Jon Isherwood becomes Caro's US studio assistant; Guest leader at sculptors' workshop at Jan van Eyck Academie, Maastricht; Delivers Delia Heron Lecture, Falmouth School of Art; Visits Greece for the first time.

1986 - Completes Scamander (1985/86) and Rape of the Sabines (1985/86), in a series of sculptures inspired by Greek pediments.

1987 - Leads 'Stahl 87' workshop at the Werkstatt Berlin; Creates large bronze sculpture, Chicago Fugue (1986/87), for John Buck Company, South Lasalle Street, Chicago; At Triangle Workshop at Pine Plains, New York works with Frank Gehry on architectural/sculptural 'village'; Participates in special Triangle workshop in Barcelona and starts Barcelona series, which he later returns to Spain to finish; Delivers the Contemporary Art Society’s Fourth Annual Lecture, 'The Artist’s Method', at Tate Gallery, London; Makes After Olympia (1986/87) in London, his largest sculpture to date.

1988 - After Olympia (1986/87) is installed on roof garden of Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, for duration of the summer; Concludes investigation of pediment-inspired works with Xanadu (1986/88); 
Starts series of 33 table sculptures made from steel elements brought back from the Barcelona workshop to London studio; calls these the Catalan series.

1989 - Exhibits selection from the Barcelona and Catalan series at the Sala de Exposiciones del Banco Bilbao Vizcaya, Barcelona; Retrospective exhibition at Walker Hill Art Center, Seoul; visits Korea and India; Attends steel sculpture workshop, University of Alberta, Edmonton, and bronze workshop at Red Deer College, Alberta; Begins working on the Cascades series of 14 table sculptures, which often involve the floor and even the wall; First solo show at Annely Juda Fine Art, London, entitled Aspects of Anthony Caro; subsequent solo exhibitions in 1991, 1994, 1998, 2001, 2003 and 2007.

1990 - Completes work on Night Movements (1987/90), a single work in four separate units, now in the Tate Gallery collection; Visits Japan and at Nagatani's workshop, Obama, starts series of paper sculptures, later completed in England.

1991 - Completes two sculptures involving a dialogue with architecture: Sea Music (1991) for the quayside in Poole, Dorset, and Tower of Discovery (1991); Exhibition of four recent large sculptures in the Duveen Galleries of the Tate Gallery, London: After Olympia, Tower of Discovery, Xanadu and Night Movements; Exhibits selections of the Cascades table pieces (1989/90) at Annely Juda Fine Art, London and André Emmerich Gallery, New York.

1992 - Retrospective exhibition in the ancient Trajan Markets, Rome, organised by Giovanni Caradente and The British Council; Tower of Discovery (1991) shown at the World Expo Fair, Seville; Obama paper works shown at Fuji Television Gallery, Tokyo; Makes Chant des montagnes (1993/94) for Musée de Grenoble, France; The British Council tours the Cascades series (1989/90) to museums in Hungary, Romania, Turkey, Cyprus, Greece, Germany, Holland, Slovenia and Slovakia; Makes a series of ceramic sculptural elements at the workshop of Hans Spinner near Grasse, France; these are later combined with wood and steel in the London studio to form The Trojan War.

1994 - Caro Noland Olitski workshop, symposium and exhibition at Hartford Art School, Connecticut.

1994/95 - Several exhibitions organised to celebrate the artist's 70th birthday, including 'Sculpture Through Five Decades' at Annely Juda Fine Art, London, later shown at Galerie Hans Mayer, Düsseldorf and (in a modified version) Kukje Gallery, Seoul; One-man exhibitions at André Emmerich Gallery, New York, Richard Gray Gallery, Chicago, and Constantine Grimaldis Gallery, Baltimore; Exhibition of table sculptures organised by Kettle's Yard Gallery, Cambridge; later tours to Manchester and Sheffield; The Trojan War (1993/94) at the Iveagh Bequest, Kenwood, London and Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Wakefield; Major sculpture installation commissioned by the Henry Moore Sculpture Trust for the Henry Moore Studio at Dean Clough, Halifax: Halifax Steps - Ziggurats and Spirals (1994) further explore the dialogue between sculpture and architecture.

1995 - Caro's largest retrospective exhibition of 113 works opens the new Museum of Contemporary Art, Tokyo; curated by Yasuyoshi Saito with architectural settings specially designed by Tadao Ando.

1996 - Goodwood Steps (1996) displayed at the Hat Hill Sculpture Foundation, Goodwood, until 1998, then at Chicago Navy Pier, Chicago; Shown along with Chillida, Jacobsen, Luginbühl in 'Plätze und Platzzeichen' at Museum Würth, Künzelsau, Germany.

1996/97 - The Trojan War (1993/94) is shown in Greece at Thessaloniki and at the National Gallery, Athens; With the architect Norman Foster and the engineer Chris Wise wins the competition for a new footbridge spanning the Thames from St Paul's to Tate Modern at Bankside, London.

1998 - 'Caro-Sculpture from Painting' exhibited at the National Gallery, London; the first occasion a contemporary sculptor has been invited to hold a one-man show there Exhibition of new works at Annely Juda Fine Art, followed by exhibitions in Amsterdam, Seoul and New York; The Trojan War exhibited at the Marlborough Gallery, New York; Works in theatre for the first time, designing the sets and props for Northern Broadsides' dramatic interpretation of Milton's Samson Agonistes at the Viaduct Theatre, Dean Clough, Halifax (director Barrie Rutter, costumes Sheila Girling). 

1999 - The Last Judgement (1995/99) shown at 48^th Venice Biennale; a 25-part sculpture in terracotta, wood and steel, made in response to the atrocities of the 20^th century; New Marlborough Gallery in Boca Raton, Florida, shows Arena Pieces; Begins work on Duccio Variations series after accepting an invitation from the National Gallery to make work in response to its collection, having chosen Duccio's The Annunciation (1311); Returns to Ken Tyler's paper workshop in New York and makes the Paper Book series.

2000 - Receives the Order of Merit, restricted to 24 living members, as the first sculptor to be awarded this special distinction since Henry Moore in 1963; Exhibition at Venice Design Gallery of works from the Concerto series (1999-2000) inspired by music and incorporating parts of musical instruments as well as a new material, cast brass; Three works from the series of seven Duccio Variations (1999-2000) made in different materials from steel and wood to iron and Perspex included in the Encounters exhibition at the National Gallery, London; The Last Judgement inaugurates the new wing of Museo des Bellas Artes, Bilbao; Portland Museum, Oregon, which already had two Caro works in its collection, obtained another eight with the acquisition of the Clement Greenberg collection.

2001 -  The Last Judgement is exhibited at the Johanniter Kirche, Schwäbisch Hall, Germany to coincide with the opening of the new Kunsthalle Würth; An educational exhibition A Sculptor’s Development  - Anthony Caro, is shown in Lewes, Sussex, touring to Street, Somerset and Château-Musée de Dieppe, France (2002); Duccio Variations, Gold Blocks and Concerto pieces exhibited at Marlborough Gallery, New York; Exhibitions at Marlborough Gallery, Santiago and Galerie Hans Mayer, Düsseldorf;
Caro at Longside: Sculpture and Sculptitecture, exhibition of large architectural inspired works opens new gallery space at Longside, Yorkshire Sculpture Park.

2002 -  Included in Blast to Freeze: British Art of the 20th Century at Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg and travelling to Les Abattoirs, Toulouse; Exhibitions at Galeria Metta, Madrid, Galleria Lawrence Rubin, Milan, Galeria Altair, Palma de Mallorca and Galerie Besson, London; Anthony Caro: Drawing in Space - Sculptures from 1964 to 1988 and The Last Judgement shown at Gaudi's La Pedrera in Barcelona, organised by Fundacio Caixa Catalunya; The Barbarians (1999-2002), a group of mythical horsemen assembled from stoneware, wood and steel, is first shown at Mitchell-Innes & Nash, New York.

2003 - The Barbarians shown with works from the Paper Books series and Europa and the Bull (2000-2002), another figurative stoneware and steel construction at Annely Juda Fine Art; Exhibitions at Hubert Gallery, New York (figure studies) and Galerie Joan Prats, Barcelona (works on paper); A selection of Emma sculptures and related later work is shown at Frederik Meijer Sculpture Park, Grand Rapids, Michigan, touring to Meadows Museum, Dallas.

2004 - 80th birthday marked with display of Sculpture Two (1962) outside Tate Britain and exhibitions all over the world, including Artemis Greenberg van Doren (Nov/Dec 2003) and Garth Clark Gallery in New York, C Grimaldis Gallery in Baltimore, Galerie Josine Bokhoven in Aamsterdam and (early 2005) Mitchell-Innes & Nash in New York and Galerie Daniel Templon in Paris, as well as several new books, television programmes and extensive newspaper coverage; Caro in Focus inaugurates the new Sudhaus galleries at Kunsthalle Würth, Schwäbisch Hall; The Way It Is presents 16 new works, including Caro's first monumental sculpture in stoneware, at Kenwood House, London; The Barbarians travel to the Museum of Art, Seoul; At the studio, works on galvanised, abstract sculptures which incorporate real objects.

2005 - Major retrospective at Tate Britain, London, covering all principal phases of Caro's career from the 1950s to the present, including a huge new architectural commission for the South Duveen gallery, Millbank Steps (2004). Tours in reduced form to IVAM, Valencia;Exhibition at Galeria Metta, Madrid, focus display of works from the Greenberg Collection at Portland Art Museum, Oregon, joint mini-retrospective at Marc Selwyn Fine Art and Daniel Weinberg Gallery, Los Angeles and a Manet-Caro Correspondences show at Musée d'Orsay, Paris; The Kenwood series tours in the US under the title A Life in Sculpture to Scripps College, California, Bentley Projects, Texas and (spring 2006) Garth Clark Gallery, New York.

2006 - Creates a jewellery series for Joyerias Grassy, Madrid; The Barbarians travel at IVAM, Valencia, to mark the awarding of the International Julio Gonzàles Award of the Generalitat Valenciana; The Weekday Series shown at Galeria Altair, Palma;  Joint exhibition with Sheila Girling at the New Arts Centre, Wiltshire includes 12 sculptures from the Flats series made at York Steel Company, Toronto in 1974; Exhibition at Galleri Weinberger in Copenhagen; New galvanised work shown at Annely Juda Fine Art, London and Mitchell-Innes & Nash, New York.

2008 - Opening of Chapel of Light at the Church of St Jean Baptiste in Bourbourg in Northern France, accompanied by the largest retrospective in France in three museums in Calais, Dunkirk and Gravelines, as well as exhibitions in Angers, Paris and Lille; First solo exhibition in Ireland at Hillsboro Fine Art, Dublin; Exhibition of four figurative heads at National Portrait Gallery, London; Promenade displayed in the Courtyard of Burlington House, Piccadilly, during and after the annual Summer Exhibition; The Barbarians shown at Galeria Alvaro Alcazar, Madrid, as part of larger exhibition.

Awards and Memberships

1947 - Landseer Scholarship, First Landseer Award; Royal Academy Schools, London.

1959 - Sculpture Prize, First Paris Biennale; Ford Foundation – English Speaking Union travel grant.

1966 - David E Bright Foundation Prize, Venice Biennale.

1968 - Honorary Doctor of Letters, University of East Anglia, England.

1969 - Commander of the Order of the British Empire; Prizewinner, São Paulo Biennale.

1976 - Presented with key to New York City by Mayor Abraham Beame

1979 - Honorary Member of American Academy and Institute of Arts & Letters; Honorary Doctor of Letters, York University, Toronto, Canada.

1981 - Honorary Degree, Brandeis University, Massachusetts, USA; Honorary Fellow, Christ's College, Cambridge University, England.

1981/83 - Member of Council, Royal College of Art, London.

1982/89 - Trustee, Tate Gallery, London.

1982/92 - Member of Council, Slade School of Art, London.

1984 - Trustee, Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, England.

1985 - Honorary Doctor of Letters, Cambridge University, England.

1986 - Honorary Fellow , Royal College of Art, London

1987 - Honorary Degree, University of Surrey, England; Knight Bachelor, Queen's Birthday Honours

1988 - Honorary Foreign Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences

1989 - Honorary Fine Arts Degree, Yale University, Connecticut, USA

1990 - Honorary Fine Arts Degree, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada

1991 - Honorary Fellow, Wolfson College, Oxford; The Henry Moore Grand Prize: First Nobutaka Shikanai Prize, Hakone Open Air Museum, Tokyo, Japan.

1992 - Honorary Member, Accademia delle Belle Arte di Brera, Milan, Italy; Praemium Imperiale Prize for Sculpture, Japan Art Association, Tokyo.

1993 - Honorary Doctor of Letters, Winchester School of Art; University of Southampton, England.

1994 - Honorary Doctorate, Royal College of Art, London

1996 - Chevalier des Arts et Lettres, France; Doctor Honoris Causa, University of Charles de Gaulle, Lille, France; Honorary Doctor of Letters, Durham University, England

1997 - Lifetime Achievement Award, International Sculpture Center, USA; Honorary Fine Arts Degree, Florida International University, USA; Honorary Fellow, Royal Institute of British Architects, London; Honorary Fellow, Royal Society of British Sculptors, London.

1998 - Honorary Board of Trustees, International Sculpture Center, USA; Honorary Fellow, Glasgow School of Art, Scotland; Honorary Fellow, Bretton Hall College, University of Leeds, England.

1999 - Honorary Doctor of Letters, University of Westminster, London

2000 - Order of Merit conferred by HM Queen Elizabeth

2004 - Honorary Fellowship, University of Arts, London; Senior Academician, Royal Academy of Art, London; International Award for Visual Arts, Cristobal Gabarron Foundation.

2005 - 6th International Julio Gonzàles Award of the Generalitat Valenciana

2006 - Honorary Degree, University of London.

2008 - AECA Gran Premio as Best Living International Artist Represented at ARCO'08

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